(六)加強社會建設和保障改善民生
6. Strengthening social development and ensuring and improving the wellbeing of the people
經濟越發展,越要重視加強社會建設和保障改善民生。
The more the economy develops, the more attention we need to pay to strengthening social development and ensuring and improving people's wellbeing.
千方百計擴大就業。繼續實施更加積極的就業政策。今年中央財政擬投入423億元,用于扶助和促進就業。要適應我國勞動力結構特點,大力發展勞動密集型產業、服務業、小型微型企業和創新型科技企業,努力滿足不同層次的就業需求。繼續把高校畢業生就業放在首位,做好重點人群就業工作。加強職業技能培訓,鼓勵自主創業。加強公共就業服務,健全統一規范靈活的人力資源市場。加快就業信息網絡建設,實現全國互聯互通。加強勞動保障監察執法,完善勞動爭議處理機制,依法維護勞動者權益,構建和諧勞動關系。
We will do everything in our power to expand employment. We will continue to implement a more proactive employment policy. This year the central government plans to invest 42.3 billion yuan to assist and promote employment. In light of the workforce structure in China, we will energetically develop labor-intensive industries, service industries, small and micro-businesses and innovative high-tech enterprises, and strive to satisfy the employment needs of different groups of people. We will continue to give top priority to the employment of university graduates and key groups.
We will strengthen vocational training and encourage people to start their own businesses. We will strengthen public services for employment, and improve the unified, standardized and flexible human resources market. We will more quickly develop job information networks and achieve nationwide connectivity. We will strengthen the supervision and enforcement of labor safeguards, improve mechanisms for resolving labor disputes, safeguard the rights and interests of workers in accordance with the law, and build harmonious labor relations.
合理調整收入分配關系。這既是一項長期任務,也是當前的緊迫工作。今年重點采取三方面措施:一是著力提高城鄉低收入群眾的基本收入。穩步提高職工最低工資、企業退休人員基本養老金和城鄉居民最低生活保障標準。建立健全職工工資正常增長機制,嚴格執行最低工資制度。二是加大收入分配調節力度。提高個人所得稅工薪所得費用扣除標準,合理調整稅率結構,切實減輕中低收入者稅收負擔。有效調節過高收入,加強對收入過高行業工資總額和工資水平的雙重調控,嚴格規范國有企業、金融機構高管人員薪酬管理。三是大力整頓和規范收入分配秩序。堅決取締非法收入。加快建立收入分配監測系統。通過持續不斷的努力,盡快扭轉收入分配差距擴大趨勢,努力使廣大人民群眾更多分享改革發展成果。
We will adjust income distribution in a reasonable manner. This is both a long-term task, and an urgent issue we need to address now. This year we will concentrate on the following three measures.
First, we will focus on increasing the basic incomes of low-income people in both urban and rural areas. We will steadily increase the minimum wage of workers, basic pensions of enterprise retirees, and subsistence allowances for both urban and rural residents. We will establish a sound mechanism of regular pay raises for workers and strictly enforce the minimum wage system.
Second, we will put more effort into adjusting income distribution. We will raise the individual income tax threshold on salaries, reasonably adjust the tax rate structure, and genuinely reduce the tax burden on low- and middle-income people. We will effectively regulate excessively high incomes, strengthen the dual controls on total wages and wage scales in industries in which incomes are excessively high, and strictly standardize the management of executive pay and bonuses in SOEs and financial institutions.
Third, we will vigorously overhaul and standardize income distribution. We will resolutely prohibit illicit income. We will quickly establish a system for monitoring income distribution. Through unremitting efforts, we will reverse the trend of a widening income gap as soon as possible and ensure that the people share more in the fruits of reform and development.
加快健全覆蓋城鄉居民的社會保障體系。將新型農村社會養老保險試點范圍擴大到全國40%的縣。推進城鎮居民養老保險試點,解決集體企業退休人員養老保障的歷史遺留問題,建立企業退休人員基本養老金正常調整機制。積極推進機關和事業單位養老保險制度改革。將國有企業、集體企業“老工傷”人員納入工傷保險制度。完善城鄉低保制度。繼續多渠道增加社會保障基金。將孤兒養育、教育和殘疾孤兒康復等納入財政保障范圍。繼續推進殘疾人社會保障體系和服務體系建設。加快推進社會保障管理信息化。發揮商業保險在完善社會保障體系中的作用。大力發展慈善事業。
We will accelerate the improvement of the social security system that covers both urban and rural residents. We will extend the pilot project for the new type of old-age insurance for rural residents to 40% of counties. We will move forward with the trials of old-age insurance for urban residents, solve longstanding problems concerning pensions for retirees of collectively owned enterprises, and put in place a mechanism to regularly adjust the basic pensions of enterprise retirees. We will actively press ahead with the reform of the old-age insurance system for government agencies and institutions. We will include employees of SOEs and collectively owned enterprises who suffer from old work-related injuries in the workers' compensation system. We will improve the subsistence allowance system for both urban and rural residents. We will continue to enlarge the pool of social security funds through multiple channels. Funding for raising and educating orphans and rehabilitating orphans with disabilities will be provided for in the government budget. We will continue to push forward the development of a social security system and a service system for people with disabilities. We will speed up the informationization of social security management. We will get commercial insurance to play a role in improving the social security system. We will also vigorously develop charity programs.
堅定不移地搞好房地產市場調控。加快健全房地產市場調控的長效機制,重點解決城鎮中低收入家庭住房困難,切實穩定房地產市場價格,滿足居民合理住房需求。一是進一步擴大保障性住房建設規模。今年要再開工建設保障性住房、棚戶區改造住房共1000萬套,改造農村危房150萬戶。重點發展公共租賃住房。中央財政預算擬安排補助資金1030億元,比上年增加265億元。各級政府要多渠道籌集資金,大幅度增加投入。抓緊建立保障性住房使用、運營、退出等管理制度,提高透明度,加強社會監督,保證符合條件的家庭受益。二是進一步落實和完善房地產市場調控政策,堅決遏制部分城市房價過快上漲勢頭。制定并向社會公布年度住房建設計劃,在新增建設用地計劃中,單列保障性住房用地,做到應保盡保。重點增加中小套型普通商品住房建設。規范發展住房租賃市場。嚴格落實差別化住房信貸、稅收政策,調整完善房地產相關稅收政策,加強稅收征管,有效遏制投機投資性購房。加強房地產市場監測和市場行為監管,嚴厲查處各類違法違規行為。三是建立健全考核問責機制。穩定房價和住房保障工作實行省級人民政府負總責,市縣人民政府負直接責任。有關部門要加快完善巡查、考評、約談和問責制度,對穩定房價、推進保障性住房建設工作不力,從而影響社會發展和穩定的地方,要追究責任。
We will resolutely regulate the real estate market. We will act more quickly to improve the long-term mechanisms for regulating the real estate market, focus on solving housing difficulties for low- and middle-income families in urban areas, genuinely stabilize housing prices and meet the reasonable demands of residents for housing.
First, we will build more low-income housing. This year, the total number of units of new low-income housing and units in run-down areas that will undergo renovation will reach 10 million, and 1.5 million dilapidated rural houses will be renovated. We will give priority to developing public rental housing. The central government is allocating 103 billion yuan in this year's budget for subsidies to support this work, an increase of 26.5 billion yuan over last year. Governments at all levels need to raise funds through various channels and substantially increase spending in these areas. We will promptly establish an administrative system for the use, operation and return of low-income housing; increase transparency; and strengthen public oversight to ensure that eligible families benefit from low-income housing.
Second, we will further implement and improve policies for regulating the real estate market and firmly curb the excessively rapid rise of housing prices in some cities. We will formulate and announce an annual housing development plan, designate sites for building low-income housing in the plan for new construction sites, and make sure that all designated sites are used to develop low-income housing. Emphasis will be placed on building more ordinary small and medium-sized commodity housing units. We will standardize and develop the housing rental market. We will strictly implement differentiated housing credit and tax policies, adjust and improve tax policies on real estate, tighten tax collection and administration, and effectively curb the purchase of homes for speculation or investment purposes. We will strengthen monitoring of the real estate market and oversight of market behavior, and strictly deal with all violations of laws and regulations.
Third, we will establish sound evaluation and accountability mechanisms. Provincial governments have general responsibility and municipal and county governments have direct responsibility for stabilizing housing prices and guaranteeing the availability of low-income housing. Relevant government authorities need to more quickly improve inspection, appraisal, admonition and accountability systems. Localities that put insufficient effort into stabilizing house prices and promoting the construction of low-income housing and thereby affect social development and stability will be held accountable.
推進醫藥衛生事業改革發展。今年是醫改三年實施方案的攻堅年,要確保完成各項目標任務。一是在基層全面實施國家基本藥物制度。建立完善基本藥物保障供應體系,加強藥品監管,確保用藥安全,切實降低藥價。二是抓好公立醫院改革試點。鼓勵各地在醫院管理體制、醫療服務價格形成機制和監管機制等方面大膽探索。完善醫療糾紛調處機制,改善醫患關系。三是提高基本醫療保障水平。穩定提高城鎮職工、居民醫保參保率和新農合參合率。今年要把新農合和城鎮居民醫保財政補助標準提高到200元。四是完成農村三級衛生服務網絡和城市社區衛生服務機構建設任務。今年全國人均基本公共衛生服務經費標準提高到25元。加強重大傳染病、慢性病、職業病、地方病和精神疾病的預防控制和規范管理。加強婦幼保健工作,繼續推進婦女宮頸癌、乳腺癌免費檢查和救治保障試點。認真做好艾滋病防治工作。大力發展中醫藥和民族醫藥事業,落實各項扶持政策。五是鼓勵社會資本舉辦醫療機構。放寬社會資本和外資舉辦醫療機構的準入范圍。完善和推進醫生多點執業制度,鼓勵醫生在各類醫療機構之間合理流動和在基層開設診所,為人民群眾提供便捷的醫療衛生服務。
We will press forward with the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields. This year will be crucial for implementing the three-year plan for reforming the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems, and we need to ensure that all targets are met.
First, we will fully implement the national system for basic drugs at the primary level. We will put in place a sound system to guarantee supplies of basic drugs, strengthen drug oversight, ensure drug safety and genuinely cut drug prices.
Second, we will do a good job in the pilot projects for reforming public hospitals. We will encourage all localities to make bold explorations concerning hospital management systems, the mechanism for setting prices for medical services and oversight mechanisms. We will improve the mechanism for settling medical disputes, and improve relations between hospitals and patients.
Third, we will raise the level of basic medical insurance. We will steadily cover more working and non-working urban residents under the medical insurance system and more farmers under the new rural cooperative medical care system. This year, government subsidies for the new rural cooperative medical care system and medical insurance for non-working urban residents will be increased to 200 yuan per person.
Fourth, we will complete the construction of the three-tiered county, township and village health service network in rural areas and community-based health service agencies in cities. We will increase government expenditures on basic public health services to an average of 25 yuan per person this year. We will strengthen the prevention, control and standardized management of major communicable diseases as well as chronic, occupational, endemic and mental illnesses. We will strengthen work concerning maternity and child health, and continue the trials of conducting free cervical cancer and breast cancer screenings for women and providing necessary medical treatment to those suffering from these diseases. We will conscientiously do the work of preventing and controlling HIV/AIDS. We will vigorously develop traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic minority medicine and implement supporting policies.
Fifth, we will encourage nongovernmental investors to establish medical institutions. We will expand market access for nongovernmental and foreign investors looking to establish medical institutions. We will improve and advance the system whereby doctors are allowed to work in more than one practice, encourage the reasonable flow of doctors between all types of medical institutions, and encourage them to set up community-level clinics in order to provide convenient medical and health services for the masses.
全面做好人口和計劃生育工作。繼續穩定低生育水平。做好流動人口計劃生育服務管理工作。加強出生缺陷干預,進一步擴大免費孕前優生健康檢查試點,做好孕產婦和嬰幼兒保健工作。農村婦女住院分娩率達到95%以上。實施新一輪婦女兒童發展綱要,切實保護婦女和未成年人權益。加快建立健全老年人社會服務體系,加強公益性養老服務設施建設。
We will comprehensively carry out population and family planning. We will keep the birthrate low. We will do a good job of providing family planning services to and managing the floating population. We will strengthen efforts to prevent birth defects, further expand the pilot projects of free pre-pregnancy checkups, and do a good job ensuring the health of pregnant and post-natal women, infants and preschool children. The rate of hospital deliveries is expected to exceed 95% for women in rural areas. We will implement a new round of the Program for the Development of Women and Children and effectively protect the rights and interests of women and minors. We will accelerate the establishment of a sound social services system for the elderly and intensify the development of nonprofit old-age service facilities.
加強和創新社會管理。強化政府社會管理職能,廣泛動員和組織群眾依法參與社會管理,發揮社會組織的積極作用,完善社會管理格局。以城鄉社區為載體,以居民需求為導向,整合人口、就業、社保、民政、衛生、文化等社會管理職能和服務資源,實現政府行政管理與基層群眾自治有效銜接和良性互動。加快建立健全維護群眾權益機制、行政決策風險評估和糾錯機制,加強信訪、人民調解、行政調解、司法調解工作,拓寬社情民意表達渠道,切實解決亂占耕地、違法拆遷等群眾反映強烈的問題。加強和完善公共安全體系。健全突發事件應急體制,提高全社會危機管理和抗風險能力。加強信息安全和保密工作,完善信息網絡管理。加強社會治安綜合治理,嚴密防范、依法打擊各類違法犯罪活動。落實企業安全生產和產品質量主體責任,堅決遏制重特大安全生產事故。完善食品安全監管體制機制,健全法制,嚴格標準,完善監測評估、檢驗檢測體系,強化地方政府監管責任,加強監管執法,全面提高食品安全保障水平。
We will strengthen and make innovations in social administration. We will strengthen the government's social administration functions, extensively mobilize and organize the masses to participate in social administration in accordance with the law, make use of the positive role of social groups, and improve the structure of social administration. With urban and rural communities as the channel and public demand as our guide, we will integrate social administration functions and service resources in the areas of population, employment, social security, civil administration, public health, and culture, and establish effective connections and positive interactions between government administration and primary-level self-governance.
We will accelerate the establishment of sound mechanisms for safeguarding people's rights and interests, and for evaluating the risks of administrative decisions and correcting wrong decisions. We will strengthen the work related to the handling of petitioners' letters and visits and step up people's, administrative and legal mediations; expand the channels for people to report on social conditions and popular sentiment; and effectively solve problems that cause great resentment among the masses, such as unauthorized expropriations of arable land and illegal demolitions of houses. We will strengthen and improve the system of public security. We will improve the contingency response system, and enhance society's capacity to manage crises and withstand risks.
We will intensify our information security and secrecy, and improve management of information networks. We will improve all facets of public security, and be on high alert for and crack down on all kinds of crime in accordance with the law. We will get enterprises to assume primary responsibility for workplace safety and product quality, and resolutely curb major workplace accidents. We will improve oversight systems and mechanisms for food safety; improve relevant laws and regulations; strictly enforce standards; improve monitoring, evaluation, inspection and testing systems; make local governments assume more oversight responsibility; strengthen oversight and law enforcement; and comprehensively raise our capacity to ensure food safety.
各級政府一定要把社會管理和公共服務擺到更加重要的位置,切實解決人民群眾最關心最直接最現實的利益問題。
Governments at all levels must pay more attention to social administration and public services and effectively solve the most practical problems of the greatest and most direct concern to the people.
(來源:新華網 編輯:崔旭燕)